HTMS Pharmacology Made Easy

Methicillin or Meticillin Therapeutic Class Narrow spectrum β -lactam Antibiotic. Pharmacologic class Penicillin derivative Mechanism of Action Like other beta-lactam antibiotics , Meticillin acts by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Formation of bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls are mediated Via PBPs . Meticillin binds to Penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) and inhibits cross-linking of cell wall peptidoglycan which leads to the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis . Meticillin is actually a penicillinase-resistant B-lactam antibiotic . Clinical Uses Used to treat Staphylococcus Infection Including S.aureus , S.epidermidis, S.pyogenes and S.pneumoniae. It is inactive against enterococci,anaerobic bacteria and gram-negative organisms. Adverse effects Allergic reaction ; Interstitial nephritis (Meticillin) ...

Ampicillin   Therapeutic Class Antibiotic Pharmacologic class Penicillin derivative , Aminopenicillin Mechanism of Action Formation of bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls are mediated Via PBPs . Ampicillin binds to Penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) and inhibits cross-linking of cell wall peptidoglycan which leads to the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis . Clinical Uses 1 .Gram negative organisms (H.Influenzae , E.Coli , P.Mirabilis , Salmonella sp , Shigella Sp , Bacteroides funduliformis , N.gonorrhoea , N.meningitis , N.catarrhalis). 2 . Gram Positive organisms ( β -hemolytic streptococci, streptococcus pneumonia, nonpenicillinase, producing staphylococci. Bacilius anthracis , and most strains of enterococci and clostridia). Adverse Effects Bone marrow depression , Exfoliative dermatitis anaphylaxis , Allergic reactions , Diarrhea . Interactio...

Penicillin Therapeutic Class β-lactam  Antibiotic Pharmacologic class Bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor ; Narrow- spectrum penicillin. Mechanism of action Penicillins are Bactericidals and act by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis . Formation of bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls are mediated Via PBPs . Penicillin binds to Penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) and inhibits cross-linking of cell wall peptidoglycan which leads to the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis . Clinical Uses Treatment of infection caused by Spirochetes (e.g Treponema pallidum) , gram positive cocci (Streptococci) , gram negative cocci  (Neisseria) , Pneumococcal and meningococcal. Special Considerations Intramuscular benzathine Penicillin G provides low serum levels for several weeks . Adverse Effects Pseudomembranous colitis , Allergic reaction includi...

Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (Augmentin) Therapeutic Class β-Lactam antibiotic and β-lactamase inhibitor . Pharmacologic Class Bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor  Mechanism of Action Amoxicillin binds PBPs , inhibit cross-linking of cell wall peptidoglycan ; Clavulanate inhibits class A β -lactamase enzymes , protecting amoxicillin from degradation . Clinical use Respiratory tract infections (Otitis,sinusitis,pneumonia) , Skin or skin structure infections including bite wound infection . Special consideration Clavulanate has no antibacterial activity by itself . Adverse effects Pseudomembranous colitis , Seizures at high doses , Diarrhea ; superinfection ; allergic reactions including rashes , serum sickness , anaphylaxis . Interactions Probenecid inhibits renal tubular secretion and increases serum levels can decrease hormonal contraceptive e...