Penicillin [Antibacterial Drugs] HTMS Flash Cards Pharmacology
Penicillin
Therapeutic
Class
|
β-lactam
Antibiotic
|
Pharmacologic
class
|
Bacterial
cell wall synthesis inhibitor ; Narrow- spectrum penicillin.
|
Mechanism
of action
|
Penicillins
are Bactericidals and act by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis .
Formation of bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls are mediated Via PBPs. Penicillin binds to Penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) and inhibits cross-linking of cell wall peptidoglycan which leads to the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis . |
Clinical
Uses
|
Treatment
of infection caused by Spirochetes (e.g Treponema pallidum) , gram positive
cocci (Streptococci) , gram negative cocci
(Neisseria) , Pneumococcal and meningococcal.
|
Special
Considerations
|
Intramuscular
benzathine Penicillin G provides low serum levels for several weeks .
|
Adverse
Effects
|
Pseudomembranous colitis , Allergic reaction including rashes ,
serum sickness , anaphylaxis , seizure at high doses .
Drug induced Coombs positive hemolytic anemia ,Diarrhea , Superinfections. |
Interaction
|
Probenecid
inhibits renal tubular secretion and increases serum levels .
|
Similar
drugs
|
Penicillin G (Intravenous use ) , Penicillin V (Oral use ) , Procain Penicillin and Benzathine penicillin (Intramuscular
Use )
|
Other
|
1
.Penicillin and β-lactam drugs (Ampicillin
, Methicillin, Piperacillin , Aztreonam, Imipenem) has a structure that is characterized by a β-lactam
ring .
2 . If the β-lactam ring is cleaved by bacterial enzymes (e.g β-lactamases), the drug become inactive .
3. Certain β-lactam drugs (e.g penicillin,ampicillin,piperacillin) are more susceptible to
bacterial β-lactamase cleavage than others .
|
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