Ampicillin [Antibacterial Drugs] HTMS Flash Cards Pharmacology.
Ampicillin
Therapeutic
Class
|
Antibiotic
|
Pharmacologic
class
|
Penicillin
derivative , Aminopenicillin
|
Mechanism
of Action
|
Formation
of bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls are mediated Via PBPs.
Ampicillin binds to Penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) and inhibits cross-linking of cell wall peptidoglycan which leads to the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis . |
Clinical
Uses
|
1 .Gram negative organisms (H.Influenzae , E.Coli
, P.Mirabilis , Salmonella sp , Shigella Sp , Bacteroides funduliformis ,
N.gonorrhoea , N.meningitis , N.catarrhalis).
2 . Gram Positive organisms (β-hemolytic streptococci, streptococcus pneumonia, nonpenicillinase, producing staphylococci. Bacilius anthracis , and most strains of enterococci and clostridia). |
Adverse
Effects
|
Bone
marrow depression , Exfoliative dermatitis anaphylaxis , Allergic reactions ,
Diarrhea .
|
Interactions
|
Atenolol : Reduce serum concentration
Tetracyclines : Inhibit antibacterial activity of ampicillin. Chloramphenicol : Inhibit antibacterial activity of ampicillin. Methotrexate : Increase serum methotrexate concentration . Macrolid antibiotics : Inhibit antibacterial activity of ampicillin. |
Similar
drugs
|
Other
Aminopenicillins include Amoxicillin
|
Others
|
1.Ampicillin
and other β-lactam drugs (Penicillin , Methicillin ,Piperacillin, Aztreonam , Imipenem)
have a structure and is characterized by β-lactam ring.
2 . If the β-lactam ring is cleaved by bacterial enzymes (e.g β-lactamases) , the drug becomes inactive . 3. Certain β-lactam drugs (e.g Penicilline , ampicilline, piperacillin) are susceptible to bacterial β-lactamase cleavage then others . 4 . Amoxicillin can be given oral form and this is used more for outpatient treatment . 5 . Clavulanic acid and sulbactam act to inactivate bacterial β-lactamases. Amoxicillin or Ampicillin is also added to broad the sprectrum against gram-negative organisms. |
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